Business Dynamics: Turkey

August 2025

Turkey's business and regulatory environment declined, with weaker monetary freedom, judicial effectiveness and government efficiency, causing a drop in business confidence in 2024. The financial and investment outlook shows only slight improvement amid high interest rates and low bank claims on the private sector. While digital infrastructure has progressed, further efforts are needed to enhance innovation in the country.

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Overview:

The Country Briefings series examine market potential, economic and consumer trends impacting each country and how they are set to change.

Each Country Briefing covers one of these topics:

Economy, Finance and Trade: Understanding the structure, health and potential risks of an economy are important for decision-making within an existing operating environment as well as for expansion strategies. Real GDP growth, inflation and exchange rate fluctuations will directly impact consumer market potential. Import and export trade profiles help gauge how open an economy is to trade and investment, while analysis of government finances can be used to explore macroeconomic stability and susceptibility to economic shocks.

Income and Expenditure: Insights into income, wealth and expenditure of consumers are vital in helping businesses make strategic decisions with regards to which country (or even which region within a country) to enter, which consumer segment to target, which products or services to market, and at which price point. Other factors such as the size and expansion of the middle class and income inequality are also important in helping companies gauge the potential of a country market.

Households: Global shifts in gender, ageing, migration and housing are transforming the size, location,  general make-up as well as income and expenditure of households around the globe, with diverse implications for governments and companies. Households insights can help identify the decision-making processes and consumption tastes of different household groups and types within a country, and assess household appliance and digital readiness that is key for formulating market technology and internet strategies.

Business Dynamics: A stable and competitive business environment is vital to operate efficiently and attract inward investment. Businesses can assess these factors alongside challenges such as corruption, political instability and terrorism, also gain insight into business operating environment and make strategic investment decisions. Transport infrastructure, ICT readiness and labour force dynamics will also identify potential issues with a supply chain and the level of workforce skills.

Commodities: Insights on key sectors directly related to the environmental commodities of a country such as energy, water, pollution, environmental resilience, forest and biodiversity and food and agriculture help businesses to make strategic decisions in relation to environmental and commodities trends, improve brand reputation and ensure long-term operations while ultimately growing the bottom line.

The briefings cover 103 countries and identify topics of crucial interest to planners, marketers and researchers.

Business Dynamics: Turkey

HEADLINES

Business environment in Turkey remains challenging
Turkey cuts its key interest rates yet borrowing costs remain elevated
Labour market improves, yet youth unemployment and skills gaps persist
Trade freedom score drops, hindering global market integration
Turkey aims to create a more favourable digital landscape
Chart 1 Operational and Legal Environment Key Indicators 2024
Chart 2 Index of Economic Freedom Ranking by Pillar in Turkey and Regional Comparison 2024
Chart 3 Index of Economic Freedom Ranking 2019-2024
Chart 4 Index of Economic Freedom: Judicial Effectiveness Pillar Rank in Turkey and Regional Comparison 2019-2024
Chart 5 Index of Economic Freedom: Government Integrity Pillar Rank in Turkey and Regional Comparison 2019-2024
Chart 6 Corruption Perceptions Ranking: Turkey and Regional Comparison 2019-2024
Chart 7 Key Financial and Investment Indicators 2024
Chart 8 Index of Economic Freedom: Property Rights Pillar Rank in Turkey and Regional Comparison 2019-2024
Chart 9 Bank Claims on the Private Sector as % of GDP 2019-2024
Chart 10 Bank Nonperforming Loans to Total Gross Loans 2019-2024
Chart 11 Key Skills and Labour Indicators 2024
Chart 12 Population Aged 15+ with Higher Education 2019-2024
Chart 13 Education Indicators 2024
Chart 14 Number of University Graduates by Programme 2024
Chart 15 Employment by Age 2024
Chart 16 Employment by Gender 2024
Chart 17 Youth Unemployment Rate 2019-2024
Chart 18 Labour Structure Change 2019-2024
Chart 19 Labour Structure Comparison 2024
Chart 20 Self-Employed as % of Total Employed Population 2024
Chart 21 Index of Economic Freedom: Labour Pillar Rank in Turkey and Regional Comparison 2019-2024
Chart 22 Wage per Hour in Manufacturing Sector 2019-2024
Chart 23 Labour Market Regulations in Turkey and Regional Comparison 2024
Chart 24 Key Infrastructure Indicators 2024
Chart 25 Index of Economic Freedom: Trade Freedom Pillar Rank in Turkey and Regional Comparison 2019-2024
Chart 26 Turkey’s Top Four Largest Export Categories 2019-2024
Chart 27 Turnover of Transport and Storage Industry by Category in Turkey 2024
Chart 28 Transportation Mode Indicators in Turkey and Regional Comparison 2024
Chart 29 Road Infrastructure 2024
Chart 30 Innovation and Digitalisation Key Indicators 2024
Chart 31 Network Readiness Ranking by Pillar in Turkey and Regional Comparison 2024
Chart 32 Network Readiness Ranking for Turkey and Regional Comparison 2019-2024
Chart 33 Network Readiness Ranking: Technology Pillar for Turkey and Regional Comparison 2019-2024
Chart 34 Intellectual Property: Turkey Compared to Selected Regional Peers 2024
The 2024 Index of Economic Freedom
The Network Readiness Index (NRI) 2024
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