Business Dynamics: Nigeria

November 2025

Nigeria’s GDP grew by 3.4% in 2024, demonstrating resilience despite high inflation, currency pressures and tight monetary policy. While its global Economic Freedom ranking slipped to 125th, due to weak property rights and governance, business confidence and financial freedom improved. Growing multinational interest highlights new energy investment opportunities; however, high interest rates and a persistent digital divide still constrain growth.

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Overview:

The Country Briefings series examine market potential, economic and consumer trends impacting each country and how they are set to change.

Each Country Briefing covers one of these topics:

Economy, Finance and Trade: Understanding the structure, health and potential risks of an economy are important for decision-making within an existing operating environment as well as for expansion strategies. Real GDP growth, inflation and exchange rate fluctuations will directly impact consumer market potential. Import and export trade profiles help gauge how open an economy is to trade and investment, while analysis of government finances can be used to explore macroeconomic stability and susceptibility to economic shocks.

Income and Expenditure: Insights into income, wealth and expenditure of consumers are vital in helping businesses make strategic decisions with regards to which country (or even which region within a country) to enter, which consumer segment to target, which products or services to market, and at which price point. Other factors such as the size and expansion of the middle class and income inequality are also important in helping companies gauge the potential of a country market.

Households: Global shifts in gender, ageing, migration and housing are transforming the size, location,  general make-up as well as income and expenditure of households around the globe, with diverse implications for governments and companies. Households insights can help identify the decision-making processes and consumption tastes of different household groups and types within a country, and assess household appliance and digital readiness that is key for formulating market technology and internet strategies.

Business Dynamics: A stable and competitive business environment is vital to operate efficiently and attract inward investment. Businesses can assess these factors alongside challenges such as corruption, political instability and terrorism, also gain insight into business operating environment and make strategic investment decisions. Transport infrastructure, ICT readiness and labour force dynamics will also identify potential issues with a supply chain and the level of workforce skills.

Commodities: Insights on key sectors directly related to the environmental commodities of a country such as energy, water, pollution, environmental resilience, forest and biodiversity and food and agriculture help businesses to make strategic decisions in relation to environmental and commodities trends, improve brand reputation and ensure long-term operations while ultimately growing the bottom line.

The briefings cover 103 countries and identify topics of crucial interest to planners, marketers and researchers.

Business Dynamics: Nigeria

HEADLINES

Withholding tax regulations aim to modernise and simplify Nigeria’s tax system
Nigeria’s energy sector draws growing interest from global investors
2025 TVET reform aims to bridge skills gap and boost jobs
Nigeria’s trade freedom ranking improves, boosting and transport sector growth
3MTT programme leads Nigeria’s policy drive to accelerate digital transformation
Chart 1 Operational and Legal Environment Key Indicators
Chart 2 Index of Economic Freedom Ranking by Pillar in Nigeria and Regional Comparison 2024
Chart 3 Index of Economic Freedom Ranking 2019-2024
Chart 4 Index of Economic Freedom: Judicial Effectiveness Pillar Rank in Nigeria and Regional Comparison 2019-2024
Chart 5 Index of Economic Freedom: Government Integrity Pillar Rank in Nigeria and Regional Comparison 2019-2024
Chart 6 Corruption Perceptions Ranking: Nigeria and Regional Comparison 2019-2024
Chart 7 Key Financial and Investment Indicators
Chart 8 Index of Economic Freedom: Property Rights Pillar Rank in Nigeria and Regional Comparison 2019-2024
Chart 9 Bank Claims on the Private Sector as % of GDP 2019-2024
Chart 10 Bank Nonperforming Loans to Total Gross Loans 2019-2024
Chart 11 Key Skills and Labour Indicators
Chart 12 Population Aged 15+ with Higher Education 2019-2024
Chart 13 Education Indicators 2024
Chart 14 Employment by Age 2024
Chart 15 Employment by Gender 2024
Chart 16 Youth Unemployment Rate 2019-2024
Chart 17 Labour Structure Change 2019-2024
Chart 18 Labour Structure Comparison 2024
Chart 19 Self-Employed as % of Total Employed Population 2024
Chart 20 Index of Economic Freedom: Labour Pillar Rank in Nigeria and Regional Comparison 2019-2024
Chart 21 Labour Market Regulations in Nigeria and Regional Comparison 2024
Chart 22 Key Infrastructure Indicators
Chart 23 Index of Economic Freedom: Trade Freedom Pillar Rank in Nigeria and Regional Comparison 2019-2024
Chart 24 The Top Four Largest Nigeria’s Export Categories 2019-2024
Chart 25 Turnover of Transport and Storage Industry by Category in Nigeria 2024
Chart 26 Transportation Mode Indicators in Nigeria and Regional Comparison
Chart 27 Road Infrastructure
Chart 28 Innovation and Digitalisation Key Indicators
Chart 29 Network Readiness Ranking by Pillar in Nigeria and Regional Comparison 2024
Chart 30 Network Readiness Ranking for Nigeria and Regional Comparison 2019-2024
Chart 31 Network Readiness Ranking: Technology Pillar for Nigeria and Regional Comparison 2019-2024
Chart 32 Intellectual Property: Nigeria Compared to Selected Regional Peers 2024
The 2024 Index of Economic Freedom
The Network Readiness Index (NRI) 2024
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