Income and Expenditure: Ethiopia

September 2025

In 2024, Ethiopia ranked 22nd in Middle East and Africa for average gross income, with a 4.3% real increase in per capita disposable income, driven by economic growth and increasing labour productivity. However, this growth was modest compared to the 8.3% in 2023 and remained below the regional average. Moreover, the government's tax and fiscal reforms, along with the opening of the foreign exchange market, contributed to this improvement, but income inequality and the gender employment gap pers

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Overview:

The Country Briefings series examine market potential, economic and consumer trends impacting each country and how they are set to change.

Each Country Briefing covers one of these topics:

Economy, Finance and Trade: Understanding the structure, health and potential risks of an economy are important for decision-making within an existing operating environment as well as for expansion strategies. Real GDP growth, inflation and exchange rate fluctuations will directly impact consumer market potential. Import and export trade profiles help gauge how open an economy is to trade and investment, while analysis of government finances can be used to explore macroeconomic stability and susceptibility to economic shocks.

Income and Expenditure: Insights into income, wealth and expenditure of consumers are vital in helping businesses make strategic decisions with regards to which country (or even which region within a country) to enter, which consumer segment to target, which products or services to market, and at which price point. Other factors such as the size and expansion of the middle class and income inequality are also important in helping companies gauge the potential of a country market.

Households: Global shifts in gender, ageing, migration and housing are transforming the size, location,  general make-up as well as income and expenditure of households around the globe, with diverse implications for governments and companies. Households insights can help identify the decision-making processes and consumption tastes of different household groups and types within a country, and assess household appliance and digital readiness that is key for formulating market technology and internet strategies.

Business Dynamics: A stable and competitive business environment is vital to operate efficiently and attract inward investment. Businesses can assess these factors alongside challenges such as corruption, political instability and terrorism, also gain insight into business operating environment and make strategic investment decisions. Transport infrastructure, ICT readiness and labour force dynamics will also identify potential issues with a supply chain and the level of workforce skills.

Commodities: Insights on key sectors directly related to the environmental commodities of a country such as energy, water, pollution, environmental resilience, forest and biodiversity and food and agriculture help businesses to make strategic decisions in relation to environmental and commodities trends, improve brand reputation and ensure long-term operations while ultimately growing the bottom line.

The briefings cover 103 countries and identify topics of crucial interest to planners, marketers and researchers.

Income and Expenditure: Ethiopia

HEADLINES

Ethiopia's National Medium-Term Revenue Strategy reforms boost income growth
Poverty reduction in Ethiopia attributed to safety net and DEEP Challenge Fund
Consumer expenditure to expand as elevated inflation continues to decline
Wealth concentration in Ethiopia's luxury market set to intensify by 2030
Chart 1 Annual Gross Income Distribution by Age in Ethiopia 2024
Chart 2 Distribution of Income in Ethiopia: Key Metrics 2024-2029
Chart 3 Gross Income Growth Index in Ethiopia 2024-2029
Chart 4 Average Gross Income by Age in Ethiopia 2024-2029
Chart 5 Population by Income Bracket in 2029
Chart 6 Gini Index 2024/2029
Chart 7 Households by Disposable Income (PPP) 2024-2029
Chart 8 Overview of Ethiopia’s Social Classes 2029
Chart 9 Social Class E by Age 2024/2029
Chart 10 Consumer Market and Spending in Ethiopia: Key Metrics 2024-2029
Chart 11 Consumer Expenditure in Top Regions: Size in 2029 and Growth over 2019-2029
Chart 12 Urban/Rural Consumer Expenditure in 2029
Chart 13 Household Expenditure in 2024
Chart 14 Consumer Spending by Category in Ethiopia 2024/2029: USD per Household
Chart 15 Index of Consumer Prices in Ethiopia over 2019-2024
Chart 16 Household Expenditure by Category in Ethiopia 2029
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