The report examines the economic landscape of Kazakhstan and provides information on major monetary indicators, foreign trade and government finance. The economy expanded in real terms in 2024, driven by exports, private consumption, government spending, investments. However, global economic slowdown, rising geopolitical tensions and economic fragmentation as well as tight financial conditions pose risks to the country’s economic outlook.

The report examines the economic landscape of Honduras and provides information on major monetary indicators, foreign trade and government finance. The economy expanded in real terms in 2024, driven by private consumption, government spending, investments. However, global economic slowdown, increasing geopolitical tensions and economic fragmentation as well as tight financial conditions pose risks to the country’s economic outlook.

The report examines the economic landscape of Lithuania and provides information on major monetary indicators, foreign trade and government finance. The economy expanded in real terms in 2024, driven by private consumption, government spending, investments. However, global economic slowdown, rising geopolitical tensions and economic fragmentation as well as tight financial conditions pose risks to the country’s economic outlook.

The report examines the economic landscape of Kuwait and provides information on major monetary indicators, foreign trade and government finance. The economy contracted in real terms in 2024, dragged down by exports, government spending, investments. Furthermore, global economic slowdown, increasing geopolitical tensions and economic fragmentation as well as tight financial conditions pose risks to the country’s economic outlook.

The report examines the economic landscape of Laos and provides information on major monetary indicators, foreign trade and government finance. The economy expanded in real terms in 2024, driven by exports, private consumption. However, global economic slowdown, increasing geopolitical tensions and economic fragmentation as well as tight financial conditions pose risks to the country’s economic outlook.

The report examines the economic landscape of North Macedonia and provides information on major monetary indicators, foreign trade and government finance. The economy expanded in real terms in 2024, driven by private consumption, government spending. However, global economic slowdown, rising geopolitical tensions and economic fragmentation as well as tight financial conditions pose risks to the country’s economic outlook.

The report examines the economic landscape of Paraguay and provides information on major monetary indicators, foreign trade and government finance. The economy expanded in real terms in 2024, driven by private consumption, government spending, investments. However, global economic slowdown, increasing geopolitical tensions and economic fragmentation as well as tight financial conditions pose risks to the country’s economic outlook.

State finances are improving, but crime rates are high and policy inertia is likely. The economy will exit recession in 2025 and dollarization helps to limit inflation, but the state continues to fail to attract meaningful foreign investment. Although the population is growing, low incomes and rising crime are leading to an exodus, whilst large rural dwellers also stunt social mobility. Internet use is below peers, but a new strategy is expected to boost the digital space and 5G is being deploye

The global economy showed resilience in H1 2025, supported by improved financial conditions, lower energy prices and front-loading exports. However, rising US tariffs and persistent uncertainty are set to constrain growth going forward. Global real GDP growth is forecast to stay at 2.9% in 2025 and 2026, down from 3.3% in 2024. Trade tensions, policy risks and inflationary shifts weigh on outlooks for both advanced and developing economies.

Chile enjoys economic freedom and state finances are sound, but the political scene is increasingly polarised. The economy is expected to underperform regional peers and exposure to mining remains substantial, but inflation is under control. Although Chile is an important consumer market, it is ageing rapidly and concerns about immigration are rising. A highly connected populace will drive e-commerce and key technology players are launching operations in Chile, but innovation could be boosted.

Recent elections have realigned Romania with the European Union (EU) politically, but economic freedom could be enhanced and corruption persists. A slowing economy is also hindered by relatively high inflation, but the country has a diversified economic base. Incomes are set to outpace peers, providing support for the consumer market, but the populace is ageing and the gender gap is sizeable. Although internet use could be improved, as could 5G adoption, semiconductors could receive a boost.

Economic freedom is good within a regional context for Poland, but the recent presidential election has focused attention on a more polarised political landscape. Economic development has resumed an upward trajectory, resulting in low unemployment levels, although exports exhibit weakness. Despite being Eastern Europe’s second biggest consumer market, social progress is stagnating, and Poland is less urbanised than peers. Mobile adoption is strong, but digital skills need improvement.

Although economic freedom could improve and political stalemate may hinder policymaking, higher tax receipts have enhanced state finances. Economic development has outpaced peers and inflation is under control, but high structural joblessness persists. Immigration is fuelling population growth and urbanisation continues, but a housing crisis is creating social tensions. Internet use is one of the highest in the EU, whilst Spain is focusing on advanced technologies to increase competitiveness.

Despite relatively solid economic freedom, corruption is increasingly blighting Slovakia’s political landscape, whilst the government’s tacit support for Russia is causing tensions. Economic performance has been better than peers but is at risk from rising inflation and high trade reliance. Growing incomes and contained inequality will support the consumer market, but ageing is an issue. Internet and mobile use are robust, but small businesses lack digital intensity and innovation is limited.

Economic freedom has improved and corruption is not an issue in Australia, but state finances have deteriorated and indigenous rights remain underserved. Economic momentum is subdued, although inflation is lower and gold exports will support the external sector. A growing population and higher spending will drive the consumer market, but lower social classes will remain dominant. Although the mobile market is going from strength to strength, hesitation exists in the adoption of AI.

Economic freedom is one of the worst amongst peers and corruption continues to be problematic, but the political environment has been more stable. Although inflation is low, the economy continues to exhibit weak growth, whilst tariffs are an increasing threat to the external sector. Middle-aged consumers will drive discretionary spending, but population ageing is a key theme and anti-immigration sentiment is high. Mobile adoption continues apace, but uptake of AI is relatively low.

Although Germany enjoys economic freedom, its recent election has exposed stark polarisation that could lead to political instability. Whilst expected to exit recession in 2025, economic activity will remain subdued and foreign investment is facing delays, but inflation is contained. Germany is ageing, but urbanisation continues, and older people will support discretionary spending categories. New technologies are being deployed in manufacturing, but ICT skills shortages persist.

The report examines the economic landscape of Cambodia and provides information on major monetary indicators, foreign trade and government finance. The economy expanded in real terms in 2024, driven by exports, private consumption, government spending and investments. However, a global economic slowdown, increasing geopolitical tensions and economic fragmentation as well as tight financial conditions pose risks to the country’s economic outlook.

The report examines the economic landscape of Costa Rica and provides information on major monetary indicators, foreign trade and government finance. The economy expanded in real terms in 2024, driven by exports, private consumption, government spending and investments. However, a global economic slowdown, increasing geopolitical tensions and economic fragmentation as well as tight financial conditions pose risks to the country’s economic outlook.

The report examines the economic landscape of Georgia and provides information on major monetary indicators, foreign trade and government finance. The economy expanded in real terms in 2024, driven by exports, private consumption, government spending and investments. However, a global economic slowdown, increasing geopolitical tensions and economic fragmentation as well as tight financial conditions pose risks to the country’s economic outlook.

The report examines the economic landscape of Tunisia and provides information on major monetary indicators, foreign trade and government finance. The economy expanded in real terms in 2024, driven by private consumption and government spending. However, a global economic slowdown, increasing geopolitical tensions and economic fragmentation as well as tight financial conditions pose risks to the country’s economic outlook.

The report examines the economic landscape of Guatemala and provides information on major monetary indicators, foreign trade and government finance. The economy expanded in real terms in 2024, driven by exports, private consumption, government spending and investments. However, a global economic slowdown, increasing geopolitical tensions and economic fragmentation as well as tight financial conditions pose risks to the country’s economic outlook.

The report examines the economic landscape of Slovenia and provides information on major monetary indicators, foreign trade and government finance. The economy expanded in real terms in 2024, driven by exports, private consumption, government spending. However, global economic slowdown, increasing geopolitical tensions and economic fragmentation as well as tight financial conditions pose risks to the country’s economic outlook.

The report examines the economic landscape of Iran and provides information on major monetary indicators, foreign trade and government finance. The economy expanded in real terms in 2024, driven by exports, private consumption and government spending. However, a global economic slowdown, increasing geopolitical tensions and economic fragmentation as well as tight financial conditions pose risks to the country’s economic outlook.